by Bam RA58






TCA cycle net energy pyruvate dehydrogenase complex HO- - - O- - - O- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O- - - - - - - - - - - - - O- - - - - - - - - - - - - O- - - - - - - - - - + + complex INADH dehydrogenase complex II complex III complex IVcytochrome c oxidase complex V F 0 domain complex V F 1 domain Uncoupling protein 2e - + 2H + H + H + H + 2H + ADP + P i ATP H + H + NAD + NADH + H + Substrate(reduced) Product(oxidized) FMNH 2 FMN CoQ CoQH 2 FADH 2 FAD Fumarate succinate FADH 2 TCA cycle Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Cyto bc 1 Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Cyto c Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Cyto a + a 3 1/2 O 2 H 2 O intermembrane space mitochondrial matrix Liver Tissue Muscle glutamate alanine pyruvate α-ketoglutarate glutamatedehydrogenase NH 3 glutamate glutamine transport by bloodto liver glutamine NH 3 alanine transport by bloodto liver transport by bloodto muscle glutamate α-ketoglutarate NH 3 amino acid urea urea TCA cycle alanine aminotransferase glucose glutamate synthetase glutaminase glucose pyruvate alanineaminotransferase gluconeogenesis NAD + NADH ATP + NH 3 ADP + P i glutamatedehydrogenase aspartate asparagine NH 3 proline urocanic acid histidine NH 3 N-formiminoglutamate glycine serine CO 2 + NH 3 phenylalanine tyrosine homocysteine cysteine methionine SAH adenosine SAM to acceptor molecules(norepinephrine) valineisoleucine propionyl CoA α-ketobutyrate threonine threonine leucine, lysine tryptophan 3-phosphoserine 3-phosphopyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate serine cystathionine asparginase BH4 + O 2 GTP serinehydroxymethyltransferase phenylalaninehydroxylase phenylalanine tyrosine phenylalaninehydroxylase biotin, vit-B12requiring reaction BH2 + H 2 O mitochondrial cytosol carbamoylphosphate CO 2 + NH 3 + 2ATP ornithine citrulline citrulline transport to cytosol ornithine transport tomitochondrial argininosuccunate arginine aspartate fumarate H 2 O urea C O N N kidney urine intestine feces & blood bacterial urease pyridoxalphosphate pyridoxaminephosphate oxaloacetate glutamate α-ketoglutarate ornithine transcarbamoylase carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I argininosuccinate lyase arginase N-acetylglutamate glutamate acetyle CoA CoA N-acetylglutamate synthase aspartateaminotransferase argininosuccinate synthetase