by Bam RA58
TCA cycle
describtion
substrate
energy
regulator
enzyme
Glycogen
describtion
substrate
energy
enzyme
Glycolysis
describtion
substrate
energy
regulator
enzyme
Gluconeogenesis
describtion
substrate
energy
regulator
enzyme
Monosaccharide
describtion
substrate
energy
enzyme
Pentose phosphate
substrate
energy
enzyme
TCA cycle net energy
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
HO-
-
-
O-
-
-
O-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
complex I
NADH dehydrogenase
complex II
complex III
complex IV
cytochrome c oxidase
complex V
F
0
domain
complex V
F
1
domain
Uncoupling protein
2e
-
+ 2H
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
2H
+
ADP + P
i
ATP
H
+
H
+
NAD
+
NADH + H
+
Substrate
(reduced)
Product
(oxidized)
FMNH
2
FMN
CoQ
CoQH
2
FADH
2
FAD
Fumarate
succinate
FADH
2
TCA cycle
Fe
3+
Fe
2+
Cyto bc
1
Fe
3+
Fe
2+
Cyto c
Fe
3+
Fe
2+
Cyto a + a
3
1/2 O
2
H
2
O
intermembrane space
mitochondrial matrix
Liver
Tissue
Muscle
glutamate
alanine
pyruvate
α-ketoglutarate
glutamate
dehydrogenase
NH
3
glutamate
glutamine
transport by blood
to liver
glutamine
NH
3
alanine
transport by blood
to liver
transport by blood
to muscle
glutamate
α-ketoglutarate
NH
3
amino acid
urea
urea
TCA cycle
alanine aminotransferase
glucose
glutamate synthetase
glutaminase
glucose
pyruvate
alanine
aminotransferase
gluconeogenesis
NAD
+
NADH
ATP +
NH
3
ADP + P
i
glutamate
dehydrogenase
aspartate
asparagine
NH
3
proline
urocanic acid
histidine
NH
3
N-formiminoglutamate
glycine
serine
CO
2
+
NH
3
phenylalanine
tyrosine
homocysteine
cysteine
methionine
SAH
adenosine
SAM
to acceptor molecules
(norepinephrine)
valine
isoleucine
propionyl CoA
α-ketobutyrate
threonine
threonine
leucine, lysine
tryptophan
3-phosphoserine
3-phosphopyruvate
3-phosphoglycerate
serine
cystathionine
asparginase
BH4 + O
2
GTP
serine
hydroxymethyl
transferase
phenylalanine
hydroxylase
phenylalanine
tyrosine
phenylalanine
hydroxylase
biotin, vit-B12
requiring reaction
BH2 + H
2
O
mitochondrial
cytosol
carbamoyl
phosphate
CO
2
+
NH
3
+
2ATP
ornithine
citrulline
citrulline
transport to cytosol
ornithine
transport to
mitochondrial
argininosuccunate
arginine
aspartate
fumarate
H
2
O
urea
C
O
N
N
kidney
urine
intestine
feces & blood
bacterial urease
pyridoxal
phosphate
pyridox
amine
phosphate
oxaloacetate
glutamate
α-ketoglutarate
ornithine transcarbamoylase
carbomoyl phosphate synthetase I
argininosuccinate lyase
arginase
N-acetylglutamate
glutamate
acetyle CoA
CoA
N-acetylglutamate synthase
aspartate
aminotransferase
argininosuccinate synthetase